Short- and Long-Term Effects of Marijuana

As marijuana becomes increasingly legal across the U.S., its popularity is skyrocketing. The question is, are we prepared for its potential long-term consequences? Whether used for medicinal purposes or recreation, marijuana is not without risks. Some of these risks can even emerge after a single use, while others develop over years of habitual consumption.

The short- and long-term effects of marijuana can be serious. These range from immediate sensations of euphoria and relaxation to potential impacts on mental health, memory, and lung function. Understanding these effects is essential, especially as legalization progresses and marijuana becomes increasingly accessible across the nation.

The Physical and Mental Repercussions of the Nation’s Most Popular Drug

According to the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), approximately 52.5 million Americans aged 12 or older reported using marijuana in the past year. This represents about 19% of the population.

In comparison, 61.2 million individuals reported the use of any illicit drug in the past year. This indicates that marijuana use accounts for approximately 86% of all illicit drug use reported in the survey.

These figures highlight a significant increase in the number of marijuana users in the United States. They also show a growing proportion of marijuana users among those who use illicit drugs over the past decade. The rise in marijuana use may be influenced by factors such as changing legal statuses across various states and the evolving public perceptions regarding its use.

The popularity of regular marijuana use has long been apparent, particularly as social attitudes about the drug have shifted. Some use marijuana to treat the symptoms of conditions like arthritis, MS, PTSD, and epilepsy. Others use it recreationally, viewing its consumption as no different from drinking alcohol. Yet, even with states beginning to legalize and regulate the sale and use of marijuana, questions of short- and long-term effects of marijuana risks remain.

The Potential Short-Term Effects of Marijuana

The short-term effects of smoking or vaping marijuana can be felt almost immediately, whereas the effects of consuming it in food can take about 30 minutes to an hour. The effects of marijuana typically last somewhere between 1-3 hours.

Short-Term Physical Effects

• Muscle relaxation
• Reduction of pain
• Increased heart rate
• Heightened senses (colors might seem brighter, for example)
• Increased appetite
• Loss of balance and coordination
• Slowed reaction time

Short-Term Psychological and Behavioral Effects

• Euphoria
• Relaxed, peaceful feelings
• Altered sense of time
• Laughter (being generally “giggly”)
• Anxiety, paranoia (usually occurs with higher doses)
• Acute psychosis (can occur with very large doses)
• Memory problems

Short-Term Health Risks of Smoking vs. Edibles

The short-term health risks of marijuana differ depending on whether it is smoked or consumed as edibles. Smoking marijuana delivers THC to the bloodstream almost instantly. This causes immediate effects of cannabis like increased heart rate, impaired coordination, and respiratory irritation. The irritation can include coughing and throat discomfort.

In contrast, edibles take longer to produce effects, often 30 minutes to an hour. It is important to note though that the effects are stronger and longer-lasting. This delayed onset can lead to accidental overconsumption. This can result in severe anxiety, paranoia, nausea, or even acute psychosis in some cases.

Smoking may produce quicker, milder effects, whereas edibles carry a higher risk and can lead to intense, prolonged symptoms if not consumed with caution.

The Potential Long-Term Effects of Marijuana

After months and years of repeated regular use, marijuana use can have much more lasting, damaging effects. The impact of cannabis may vary by type of use. Smoking marijuana, for example, poses different risks than using a smoke-free vaporizer.

Long-Term Physical Effects

• Lung damage, increased risk of lung cancer (if smoked)
• Diminished production of endocannabinoid neurotransmitters, leading to physical addiction
• Possible increased risk of testicular cancer

Long-Term Psychological and Behavioral Effects

• Increased risk of behavioral and mental health issues
• Psychosis
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Substance abuse
• Possible impairment of functions like memory and learning

Long-Term Health Risks of Smoking vs. Edibles

The method of consuming marijuana significantly affects its long-term health risks. Smoking marijuana poses substantial risks to respiratory health, including lung irritation, chronic bronchitis, and reduced lung function. It also exposes users to harmful chemicals and potential carcinogens. These are similar to those found in tobacco smoke, and may increase the risk of cardiovascular issues over time.

In contrast, consuming edibles avoids respiratory harm but carries its own risks. The delayed onset of effects can lead to overconsumption. This increases the likelihood of dependence and cognitive impairments like memory problems and reduced learning capacity.

Additionally, the high sugar and calorie content in many edibles can contribute to weight gain. They can also cause other metabolic concerns if consumed regularly. While edibles may be safer for the lungs, moderation is crucial to minimize risks associated with both methods.

Potential Therapeutic Benefits

While marijuana is often scrutinized for its risks, it also offers a range of potential therapeutic benefits. These benefits have made it a popular option for medical use. Cannabis contains compounds like THC and CBD. These can interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to provide relief for various conditions.

For individuals with chronic pain, marijuana can act as a natural analgesic. It can reduce discomfort without the need for stronger prescription opioids. Patients undergoing chemotherapy may find it helpful in managing nausea and vomiting, and those with conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) or epilepsy have reported that it reduced muscle spasms and seizures.

Additionally, cannabis is increasingly used to ease symptoms of anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia, promoting relaxation and better sleep. It’s important to note that while marijuana can be beneficial in these cases, its effectiveness varies by individual. The dosage and method of consumption is important to note as well.

Consulting a medical professional is essential. This is to determine whether cannabis is a safe and suitable option for specific therapeutic needs.

Has Marijuana Taken Over Your Life?

Even if you’re using marijuana legally, for medical purposes and without symptoms of physical addiction, you can still develop a damaging psychological addiction. If marijuana is a constant companion and you’re shirking responsibilities to use it, you may have begun misusing it as an escape without even knowing it.

Psychological addiction often creeps in subtly, manifesting as a reliance on marijuana to manage stress, anxiety, or boredom. Over time, this dependence can interfere with your ability to cope with challenges naturally. It can also strain relationships and hinder personal or professional growth. Recognizing these signs early is crucial for regaining control and prioritizing your well-being.

Yellowstone Recovery Can Help

If you or someone you know struggles with marijuana dependency, recognizing the signs early is key. Professional help can guide you toward healthier coping mechanisms and a fulfilling life.

At Yellowstone Recovery in southern California, we can help. Our inpatient and intensive outpatient treatment programs are well-suited to the treatment of marijuana addiction. Through a combination of medical care, individual counseling, group therapy, 12-step meetings, and other therapeutic techniques, we help clients from all walks of life. Regain control of your life and build a happier healthier future today.

Our experienced team understands the unique challenges of overcoming dependence. Whether physical or psychological, we tailor treatment plans to each client’s needs. Beyond medical care and therapy, we focus on addressing the root causes of marijuana addiction. This helps clients develop healthier coping mechanisms and rebuild confidence.

With a compassionate approach and a proven track record of success, we’re here to guide you every step of the way. Call us today at (888) 418-4188 to learn more.